An Introduction To Solar Radiation Iqbal Book
AN INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR RADIATION Muhammad Iqbal Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 1983 ACADEMIC PRESS A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers Toronto New York London Paris San Diego San Francisco Sao Paulo Sydney Tokyo COPYRIGHT© 1983, BY ACADEMIC PRESS CANADA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER.
ACADEMIC PRESS CANADA 55 Barber Greene Road, Don Mills, Ontario M3C 2A1 United States Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Iqbal, Muhammad An introduction to solar radiation.
Iqbal, Muhammad An introduction to solar radiation Includes index. Solar radiation. QC911.I63 1983 551.5.271 ISBN 0-12-373750-8 ISBN 0-12-373752-4 (pbk.) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 82-7416 ISBN 0-12-373750-8 ISBN 0-12-373752-4 (pbk. Solar radiation. QC911.I72 551.5.271 C83-098054-7 83 84 85 86 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my daughter, Isabeau Anisa PREFACE This book is written for those who must determine quantitatively the amount of solar radiation incident on a surface on the earth.
The material has been derived from meteorological and engineering literature. The emphasis is on an understanding of the subject as well as on the methods of calculation.
An Introduction to Solar Radiation is an introductory text on solar radiation, with emphasis on the methods of calculation for determining the amount of solar radiation incident on a surface on the earth. Topics covered include the astronomical relationship between the sun and the earth; thermal radiation; the solar constant and its spectral distribution; and extraterrestrial solar irradiation. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of the trigonometric relationships between the sun-earth line and the position of an inclined surface, followed by a discussion on the characteristics of blackbody radiation. The next chapter focuses on the solar constant and its spectral distribution, paying particular attention to extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance and the sun's blackbody temperature. Subsequent chapters explore extraterrestrial and radiation incident on inclined planes; the optics of a cloudless-sky atmosphere; solar spectral radiation and total (broadband) radiation under cloudless skies; and solar radiation arriving at horizontal surfaces on the earth through cloudy skies.
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An Introduction To Solar Radiation
The ground albedo and its spectral and angular variation are also described, along with insolation on inclined surfaces. The last chapter is devoted to instruments for measuring solar radiation, including pyrheliometers and pyranometers. This monograph will serve as a useful guide for energy analysts, designers of thermal devices, architects and engineers, agronomists, and hydrologists as well as senior graduate students.
A very influential poet and philosopher, Muhammad Iqbal was born in the Punjab, where he received his early education. He also studied philosophy in England and in Germany but returned to India three years later to practice law. Although he noted that European civilization was materially advanced, he also found it hypocritical and lacking in support of true human values. Islam, on the other hand, though somnolent, was at once both truly creative and able to give humanity moral direction. It was this, the true Islam of Muhammad and the Koran, that Iqbal sought to help Muslims recover. As evidenced in his six lectures on The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (1928-29), he interpreted the dynamic of Islam in Bergsonian vitalistic terms, as a leading extension of the fully developed self.
In line with his attempt to rethink the problems of Islam in terms of modern categories, Iqbal advocated that the solidly Muslim portions of northwest India be given autonomy so that they could be governed in accordance with Islamic ideals, a position that led to the emergence of the state of Pakistan. He was knighted in 1922.